---
title: The letters a, d, g, o and q start like c. — Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up · tree and pragmatics
description: The letters a, d, g, o and q start like c. Who acts: letters. A sentence of the lesson «Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up, sentence 17

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The letters a, d, g, o and q start like c.

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**Who acts:** letters · **What happens:** start

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (letters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:english:005-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up.lesson:17
# text = The letters a, d, g, o and q start like c.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = english
# lesson = 005-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
3	a	a	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=3:punct
5	d	D	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	g	G	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	o	o	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	q	Q	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
12	start	start	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	c.	c.	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | the letters |  |  |  |  | like c. | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:005-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up.lesson:17`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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