---
title: Mixing up b and d is common up to about age seven and does not by it… — Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up · tree and pragmatics
description: Mixing up b and d is common up to about age seven and does not by itself mean dyslexia. Who acts: Mixing. A sentence of the lesson «Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up, sentence 19

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Mixing up b and d is common up to about age seven and does not by itself mean dyslexia.

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**Who acts:** Mixing · **What happens:** mix up, be, not mean · **To what, where:** b, dyslexia

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mixing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:english:005-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up.lesson:19
# text = Mixing up b and d is common up to about age seven and does not by itself mean dyslexia.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = english
# lesson = 005-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Mixing	mix	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	csubj	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=1:compound:prt|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_
3	b	b	NOUN	NN	_	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	d	d	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	about	about	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	flat	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	18	obl	_	_
18	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
19	dyslexia	dyslexia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mix up** | gerund |  | b and d |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent b=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | Mixing |  |  |  | up age | common *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **mean** | present · do-support | Mixing *not said here* | dyslexia |  |  |  | by d | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dyslexia=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:005-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up.lesson:19`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- next →: [Handwriting: holding the pencil and jo…, 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up/21/)
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