--- title: In a UKLO Breakthrough puzzle (UKLO is the UK Linguistics Olympiad,… — Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up langua… · tree and pragmatics description: In a UKLO Breakthrough puzzle (UKLO is the UK Linguistics Olympiad, and Breakthrough is its first, easiest level), you meet a language you have never seen and work out its rules from a few examples, like a detective. Who acts: Breakthrough, you, language. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: Breakthr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/) / 0 # Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages, sentence 0 In a UKLO Breakthrough puzzle (UKLO is the UK Linguistics Olympiad, and Breakthrough is its first, easiest level), you meet a language you have never seen and work out its rules from a few examples, like a detective. **Who acts:** Breakthrough, you, language · **What happens:** be, meet, not see, work out, rule · **To what, where:** UK Linguistics Olympiad, UKLO Breakthrough puzzle, language, rules, few examples This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Breakthrough, you, language), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:058-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages.lesson:0 # text = In a UKLO Breakthrough puzzle (UKLO is the UK Linguistics Olympiad, and Breakthrough is its first, easiest level), you meet a language you have never seen and work out its rules from a few examples, like a detective. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 058-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 3 UKLO UKLO PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 4 Breakthrough breakthrough NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 puzzle puzzle NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 6 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 7 punct _ _ 7 UKLO UKLO PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 appos _ _ 8 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 10 UK UK PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 11 Linguistics linguistics NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 compound _ _ 12 Olympiad olympiad NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 15 Breakthrough breakthrough PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=18:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 16 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 17 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 12 parataxis _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 easiest easy ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 21 amod _ _ 21 level level NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 22 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 12 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=18:punct 23 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 meet meet VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 28 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 29 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 30 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 31 advmod _ _ 31 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 27 acl:relcl _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 work work VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 conj _ _ 34 out out ADP RP _ 33 compound:prt _ _ 35 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ _ 36 rules rule NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obj _ _ 37 from from ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 38 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 39 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 examples example NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 42 like like ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 43 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 detective detective NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nmod _ _ 45 . . PUNCT . _ 25 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=12:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | | the UK Linguistics Olympiad | | a UKLO Breakthrough puzzle | | | tree rules | | 2 | **is** | present | Breakthrough | | | | | easiest level *obl*; first *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **meet** | present | you | a language | | | | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Co-Agent | | 4 | **not** **see** | present · perfect | you | a language *not said here* | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer language=Stimulus | | 5 | **work out** | infinitive | you *not said here* | language's rules | | a few examples like a detective | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Topic | | 6 | **rule** | | language | | | | | | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:058-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Olympiad: riddles, lipograms and hidde…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/57-olympiad-riddles-lipograms-and-hidden-words/14/) - next →: [Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/)