--- title: You never need to know the language beforehand: everything is in the… — Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up langua… · tree and pragmatics description: You never need to know the language beforehand: everything is in the data, and the trick is to line the examples up and spot what changes and what stays the same. Who acts: You, everything, trick. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the english course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/) / 1 # Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages, sentence 1 You never need to know the language beforehand: everything is in the data, and the trick is to line the examples up and spot what changes and what stays the same. **Who acts:** You, everything, trick · **What happens:** not need, know, be, spot, change, stay · **To what, where:** language, data This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, everything, trick), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:058-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages.lesson:1 # text = You never need to know the language beforehand: everything is in the data, and the trick is to line the examples up and spot what changes and what stays the same. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 058-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 You you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 3 advmod _ _ 3 need need VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 know know VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 8 beforehand beforehand ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 3 punct _ _ 10 everything everything PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 14 nsubj _ _ 11 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 12 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 data data NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 trick trick NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 19 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 20 to to PART TO _ 21 mark _ _ 21 line line VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 conj _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 examples example NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 24 up up ADP RP _ 21 compound:prt _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 spot spot VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 conj _ _ 27 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 28 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=28:det|HaikuPos=DET:WDT:PronType=Int 28 changes change VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=26:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 30 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 31 nsubj _ _ 31 stays stay VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 conj _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 xcomp _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **need** | present | You | | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | | 2 | **know** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | You *not said here* | the language | | | | beforehand *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer language=Stimulus | | 3 | **is** | present | everything | | | the data | | | tree rules | | 4 | **is** | present | the trick | | | | | line *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **spot** | infinitive | the trick *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **change** | present | | | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **stay** | present | | | | | | same *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:058-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/0/) - next →: [Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/)