--- title: Word order may not work like English: in some languages a little end… — Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up langua… · tree and pragmatics description: Word order may not work like English: in some languages a little ending, not the place in the sentence, shows who is doing the action. Who acts: Word order, little ending. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the english course of Mova's primary school wi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/) / 3 # Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages, sentence 3 Word order may not work like English: in some languages a little ending, not the place in the sentence, shows who is doing the action. **Who acts:** Word order, little ending · **What happens:** not work, show, do · **To what, where:** languages, action · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Word order, little ending), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:058-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages.lesson:3 # text = Word order may not work like English: in some languages a little ending, not the place in the sentence, shows who is doing the action. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 058-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Word Word PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 order order NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 4 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 5 advmod _ _ 5 work work VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 like like ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 11 det _ _ 11 languages language NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 ending ending NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 18 advmod _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:conj 19 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 sentence sentence NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 24 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 26 nsubj _ _ 25 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 26 doing do VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 23 ccomp _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 action action NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **work** | may | Word order | | | | | like English | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **show** | present | a little ending | | | some languages | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **do** | present · progressive | | the action | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent action=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:058-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/2/) - next →: [Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/)