--- title: In Ruvan, "Pela-n mika tor" and "Mika pela-n tor" both mean the dog… — Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up langua… · tree and pragmatics description: In Ruvan, "Pela-n mika tor" and "Mika pela-n tor" both mean the dog sees the girl, so the ending -n marks the one doing the action, wherever it stands. Who acts: Mika, you, dog, ending. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the english course of Mova's pri --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/) / 7 # Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages, sentence 7 In Ruvan, "Pela-n mika tor" and "Mika pela-n tor" both mean the dog sees the girl, so the ending -n marks the one doing the action, wherever it stands. **Who acts:** Mika, you, dog, ending, one · **What happens:** tor, mean, see, mark, do, stand · **To what, where:** Ruvan, girl, one, action · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mika, you, dog, ending), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:058-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages.lesson:7 # text = In Ruvan, "Pela-n mika tor" and "Mika pela-n tor" both mean the dog sees the girl, so the ending -n marks the one doing the action, wherever it stands. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 058-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 Ruvan Ruvan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 4 " " PUNCT `` _ 5 punct _ _ 5 Pela Pela PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 6 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 5 punct _ _ 7 n n ADV FW _ 9 advmod _ _ 8 mika mika X FW _ 9 compound _ _ 9 tor tor NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 appos _ _ 10 " " PUNCT '' _ 9 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 12 " " PUNCT `` _ 17 punct _ _ 13 Mika Mika PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 14 pela pela NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 15 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 14 punct _ _ 16 n and X FW _ 14 compound _ _ 17 tor tor NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 18 " " PUNCT '' _ 17 punct _ _ 19 both both CCONJ CC _ 20 cc:preconj _ _ 20 mean mean VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 sees see VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 ccomp _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 girl girl NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 27 so so ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 ending ending NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 30 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 29 punct _ _ 31 n and X FW _ 29 compound _ _ 32 marks mark VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 parataxis _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 35 doing do VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 34 acl _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 action action NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obj _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 39 wherever wherever ADV WRB PronType=Int 41 advmod _ _ 40 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 41 stands stand VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 acl:relcl _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 20 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **tor** *in a quote* | | Mika | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **mean** | imperative | you *not said here* | | | Ruvan | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **see** | present | the dog | the girl | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer girl=Stimulus | | 4 | **mark** | present | the ending | the one | | | | | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent one=Destination | | 5 | **do** | gerund | the one *not said here* | the action | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent action=Eventuality | | 6 | **stand** | present | dog | | | | | wherever *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:058-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/6/) - next →: [Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/)