--- title: Swahili changes the start of a word instead of the end: mtoto (child… — Olympiad: real languages and codes · tree and pragmatics description: Swahili changes the start of a word instead of the end: mtoto (child) becomes watoto (children), and mtu (person) becomes watu (people). Who acts: Swahili, mtoto, mtu. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: real languages and codes» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tre --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Olympiad: real languages and codes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/) / 1 # Olympiad: real languages and codes, sentence 1 Swahili changes the start of a word instead of the end: mtoto (child) becomes watoto (children), and mtu (person) becomes watu (people). **Who acts:** Swahili, mtoto, mtu · **What happens:** change, become, start · **To what, where:** start, watu, word This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: real languages and codes» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swahili, mtoto, mtu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:059-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes.lesson:1 # text = Swahili changes the start of a word instead of the end: mtoto (child) becomes watoto (children), and mtu (person) becomes watu (people). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 059-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Swahili Swahili PROPN NNP _ 2 nsubj _ _ 2 changes change VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 start start NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 instead instead ADV RB ExtPos=ADP 11 case _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 8 fixed _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 12 : : PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 13 mtoto mtoto NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 14 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 15 punct _ _ 15 child child NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 appos _ _ 16 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 15 punct _ _ 17 becomes become VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 18 watoto watoto X FW Foreign=Yes 17 xcomp _ _ 19 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 20 punct _ _ 20 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 appos _ _ 21 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 20 punct _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=24:punct 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 24 mtu mtu NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=28:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 25 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 26 punct _ _ 26 person person NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 appos _ _ 27 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 26 punct _ _ 28 becomes become VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ _ 29 watu watu NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=28:obj 30 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 31 punct _ _ 31 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 appos _ _ 32 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 31 punct _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **change** | present | Swahili | the start of a word instead the end | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent start=Patient | | 2 | **become** | present | mtoto | | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **become** | present | mtu | watu | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **start** | | | a word instead the end | | | | | nom start «event transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:059-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/15/) - next →: [Olympiad: real languages and codes, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/)