--- title: Hawaiian has only eight consonants (there is no r, s or t, for examp… — Olympiad: real languages and codes · tree and pragmatics description: Hawaiian has only eight consonants (there is no r, s or t, for example), and its syllables end in vowels, so borrowed words are reshaped: "Merry Christmas" became "Mele Kalikimaka". Who acts: Hawaiian, r, syllables, Merry Christmas. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: real languages and codes» of th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Olympiad: real languages and codes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/) / 12 # Olympiad: real languages and codes, sentence 12 Hawaiian has only eight consonants (there is no r, s or t, for example), and its syllables end in vowels, so borrowed words are reshaped: "Merry Christmas" became "Mele Kalikimaka". **Who acts:** Hawaiian, r, syllables, Merry Christmas · **What happens:** have, be, end, borrow, reshape, become · **To what, where:** eight consonants, vowels, borrowed words This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: real languages and codes» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hawaiian, r, syllables, Merry Christmas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:059-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes.lesson:12 # text = Hawaiian has only eight consonants (there is no r, s or t, for example), and its syllables end in vowels, so borrowed words are reshaped: "Merry Christmas" became "Mele Kalikimaka". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 059-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Hawaiian Hawaiian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 only only ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 eight eight NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 5 nummod _ _ 5 consonants consonant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 6 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 8 punct _ _ 7 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 8 expl _ _ 8 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 9 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 10 det _ _ 10 r r NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 s s NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 13 or or CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 t t NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 for for ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 example example NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 parataxis _ _ 18 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 8 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=17:punct 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 21 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 22 syllables syllable NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 end end VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 24 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 vowels vowel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 27 so so ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 28 borrowed borrow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 29 amod _ _ 29 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj:pass _ _ 30 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux:pass _ _ 31 reshaped reshape VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 advcl _ _ 32 : : PUNCT : _ 37 punct _ _ 33 " " PUNCT `` _ 35 punct _ _ 34 Merry Merry PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 35 Christmas Christmas PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 36 " " PUNCT '' _ 35 punct _ _ 37 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 38 " " PUNCT `` _ 39 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=39:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 39 Mele Mele PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 xcomp _ _ 40 Kalikimaka Kalikimaka PROPN NNP Number=Sing 39 flat _ _ 41 " " PUNCT '' _ 39 punct _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Hawaiian | eight consonants | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consonant=Patient | | 2 | **does** | present | no r and s or t | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **end** | present | example's syllables | | | vowels | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 4 | **borrow** | participle | | | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **reshape** | present · passive | | borrowed words | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **become** | past | Merry Christmas | | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:059-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Olympiad: real languages and codes, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/11/) - next →: [Olympiad: real languages and codes, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/)