--- title: In Welsh, some words change their first sound after certain words; a… — Olympiad: real languages and codes · tree and pragmatics description: In Welsh, some words change their first sound after certain words; after "fy" (my), c becomes ngh, so cath (cat) becomes fy nghath (my cat). Who acts: words, c, cath. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: real languages and codes» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Olympiad: real languages and codes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/) / 14 # Olympiad: real languages and codes, sentence 14 In Welsh, some words change their first sound after certain words; after "fy" (my), c becomes ngh, so cath (cat) becomes fy nghath (my cat). **Who acts:** words, c, cath · **What happens:** change, become · **To what, where:** first sound, Welsh, fy nghath This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: real languages and codes» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (words, c, cath), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:059-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes.lesson:14 # text = In Welsh, some words change their first sound after certain words; after "fy" (my), c becomes ngh, so cath (cat) becomes fy nghath (my cat). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 059-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×4, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 Welsh Welsh PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:obl 3 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 4 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 5 det _ _ 5 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 6 change change VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 conj _ _ 7 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 8 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 9 amod _ _ 9 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 10 after after ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 certain certain ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 after after ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 " " PUNCT `` _ 16 punct _ _ 16 fy fy NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:obl 17 " " PUNCT '' _ 16 punct _ _ 18 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 19 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=16:punct 19 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 20 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 19 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=16:punct 21 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 22 c c NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 becomes become VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj 24 ngh ngh ADV RB _ 23 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=23:advmod 25 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 26 so so ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 27 cath cath NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 28 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 29 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=27:punct 29 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 appos _ _ 30 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 29 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=27:punct 31 becomes become VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 32 fy fy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=33:amod 33 nghath nghath NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 xcomp _ _ 34 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 36 punct _ _ 35 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ _ 36 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 appos _ _ 37 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 36 punct _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 31 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **change** | present | some words | syllables's first sound | | Welsh | after certain words | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Patient | | 2 | **become** | present | c | | | | after my fy | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **become** | present | cath | fy nghath | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:059-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×4, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Olympiad: real languages and codes, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/13/) - next →: [Olympiad: real languages and codes, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/)