--- title: When words travel into another language they are reshaped to fit its… — Olympiad: real languages and codes · tree and pragmatics description: When words travel into another language they are reshaped to fit its sounds: Hawaiian has no r, s or t, and its syllables end in vowels, so "Merry Christmas" became "Mele Kalikimaka"; Japanese adds vowels too, so ice cream became "aisukurīmu". Who acts: words, Hawaiian, syllables, Merry Christmas. A --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Olympiad: real languages and codes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/) / 2 # Olympiad: real languages and codes, sentence 2 When words travel into another language they are reshaped to fit its sounds: Hawaiian has no r, s or t, and its syllables end in vowels, so "Merry Christmas" became "Mele Kalikimaka"; Japanese adds vowels too, so ice cream became "aisukurīmu". **Who acts:** words, Hawaiian, syllables, Merry Christmas, Japanese, ice cream · **What happens:** travel, reshape, fit, have, end, become · **To what, where:** language, watu, sounds, r, vowels, Mele This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: real languages and codes» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (words, Hawaiian, syllables, Merry Christmas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:059-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes.lesson:2 # text = When words travel into another language they are reshaped to fit its sounds: Hawaiian has no r, s or t, and its syllables end in vowels, so "Merry Christmas" became "Mele Kalikimaka"; Japanese adds vowels too, so ice cream became "aisukurīmu". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 059-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 When when SCONJ WRB _ 3 mark _ _ 2 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 travel travel VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 advcl _ _ 4 into into ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 another another DET DT PronType=Ind 6 det _ _ 6 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 8 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 reshaped reshape VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 10 to to PART TO _ 11 mark _ _ 11 fit fit VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 advcl _ _ 12 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 sounds sound NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ _ 14 : : PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 15 Hawaiian Hawaiian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 16 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _ 17 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 18 det _ _ 18 r r NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 s s NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 conj _ _ 21 or or CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 t t NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 conj _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 25 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 syllables syllable NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 27 end end VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 vowels vowel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 31 so so ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 32 " " PUNCT `` _ 34 punct _ _ 33 Merry Merry PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 compound _ _ 34 Christmas Christmas PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 35 " " PUNCT '' _ 34 punct _ _ 36 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 37 " " PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 38 Mele Mele PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 obl _ _ 39 Kalikimaka Kalikimaka PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 flat _ _ 40 " " PUNCT '' _ 38 punct _ _ 41 ; ; PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 42 Japanese Japanese PROPN NNP Number=Sing 43 nsubj _ _ 43 adds add VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 44 vowels vowel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 obj _ _ 45 too too ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 46 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=48:punct 47 so so ADV RB _ 50 advmod _ _ 48 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 compound _ _ 49 cream cream NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 nsubj _ _ 50 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 43 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=43:advcl 51 " " PUNCT `` _ 52 punct _ _ 52 aisukurīmu aisukurīmu NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 xcomp _ _ 53 " " PUNCT '' _ 52 punct _ _ 54 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **travel** | present | words | | | another language | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into language=Destination | | 2 | **reshape** | present · passive | | watu | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **fit** | to-infinitive | | word's sounds | | | | | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Patient | | 4 | **have** | present | Hawaiian | no r and s or t | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent r=Patient | | 5 | **end** | present | word's syllables | | | vowels | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 6 | **become** | past | Merry Christmas | Mele | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 7 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | Japanese | vowels | | | | | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vowel=Patient | | 8 | **become** | past | ice cream | aisukurīmu | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:059-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Olympiad: real languages and codes, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/1/) - next →: [Olympiad: real languages and codes, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/)