--- title: In Turkish, the plural ending is -ler when the word's last vowel is… — Olympiad: real languages and codes · tree and pragmatics description: In Turkish, the plural ending is -ler when the word's last vowel is e, i, ö or ü, and -lar when it is a, ı, o or u: ev, evler (houses); kedi, kediler (cats); kitap, kitaplar (books). Who acts: plural ending, last vowel, word. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: real languages and codes» of the engli --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Olympiad: real languages and codes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/) / 7 # Olympiad: real languages and codes, sentence 7 In Turkish, the plural ending is -ler when the word's last vowel is e, i, ö or ü, and -lar when it is a, ı, o or u: ev, evler (houses); kedi, kediler (cats); kitap, kitaplar (books). **Who acts:** plural ending, last vowel, word · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** ler, Turkish, ı This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: real languages and codes» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (plural ending, last vowel, word), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:059-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes.lesson:7 # text = In Turkish, the plural ending is -ler when the word's last vowel is e, i, ö or ü, and -lar when it is a, ı, o or u: ev, evler (houses); kedi, kediler (cats); kitap, kitaplar (books). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 059-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×3 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 Turkish Turkish PROPN NNP _ 9 obl _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 plural plural ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 ending ending NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 7 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 8 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 7 punct _ _ 9 ler ler NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 10 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 17 advmod _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod:poss _ _ 13 's 's PART POS _ 12 case _ _ 14 last last ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 vowel vowel NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 16 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 17 e e ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 acl:relcl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 i i NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 ö ö NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 22 or or CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 ü ü NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 26 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 25 punct _ _ 27 lar lar NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 28 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 33 advmod _ _ 29 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 30 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 cop _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=33:punct 33 ı ı NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=37:punct 35 o of NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 conj _ _ 36 or or CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 37 u u NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 conj _ _ 38 : : PUNCT : _ 39 punct _ _ 39 ev ev NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 appos _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 41 evler evler NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 conj _ _ 42 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 43 punct _ _ 43 houses house NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 appos _ _ 44 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 43 punct _ _ 45 ; ; PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=48:punct 46 kedi kedi X FW Foreign=Yes 48 dep _ _ 47 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 48 kediler kediler NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 conj _ _ 49 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 50 punct _ _ 50 cats cat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 48 appos _ _ 51 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 50 punct _ _ 52 ; ; PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 53 kitap kitap NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 conj _ _ 54 , , PUNCT , _ 55 punct _ _ 55 kitaplar kitaplar NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 conj _ _ 56 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 57 punct _ _ 57 books book NOUN NNS Number=Plur 48 appos _ _ 58 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 57 punct _ _ 59 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the plural ending | ler and ö or ü and lar and a ı and o or u | | Turkish | | | tree rules | | 2 | **is** | present | the word's last vowel | | | | | e *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **is a** | present | word | a ı and o or u | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:059-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Olympiad: real languages and codes, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/6/) - next →: [Olympiad: real languages and codes, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/)