---
title: Consonant + y changes to -ies (baby, babies); vowel + y just adds -s… — Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones · tree and pragmatics
description: Consonant + y changes to -ies (baby, babies); vowel + y just adds -s (day, days). Who acts: Consonant, vowel. A sentence of the lesson «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones, sentence 20

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Consonant + y changes to -ies (baby, babies); vowel + y just adds -s (day, days).

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Consonant, vowel · **What happens:** change, add · **To what, where:** -s

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Consonant, vowel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:english:006-spelling-plurals.lesson:20
# text = Consonant + y changes to -ies (baby, babies); vowel + y just adds -s (day, days).
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = english
# lesson = 006-spelling-plurals.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Consonant	consonant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	1	compound	_	_
3	y	y	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
4	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	_
7	ies	ie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
9	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
14	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
15	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	16	case	_	_
16	y	y	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	just	just	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	adds	add	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
19	-s	-	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	_
21	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	appos	_	_
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | Consonant |  |  |  |  | to ies *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to ie=Result |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | vowel + y | -s |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent -=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:006-spelling-plurals.lesson:20`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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