--- title: Many -f and -fe words change to -ves (leaf, leaves; knife, knives; l… — Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones · tree and pragmatics description: Many -f and -fe words change to -ves (leaf, leaves; knife, knives; loaf, loaves), but some just add -s (roofs, chefs). Who acts: Many f words, some. A sentence of the lesson «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/) / 21 # Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones, sentence 21 Many -f and -fe words change to -ves (leaf, leaves; knife, knives; loaf, loaves), but some just add -s (roofs, chefs). **Who acts:** Many f words, some · **What happens:** change, add · **To what, where:** -s This is a sentence of the lesson «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many f words, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:006-spelling-plurals.lesson:21 # text = Many -f and -fe words change to -ves (leaf, leaves; knife, knives; loaf, loaves), but some just add -s (roofs, chefs). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 006-spelling-plurals.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 2 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=1:punct 3 f f NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=3:cc 5 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 4 punct _ _ 6 fe fe NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 7 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 8 change change VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 to to ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 9 punct _ _ 11 ves ve NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 12 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 13 punct _ _ 13 leaf leaf NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 conj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 conj _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 knife knife NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 knives knife NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 conj _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 loaf loaf NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 loaves loaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 appos _ _ 24 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 13 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=23:punct 25 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 26 but but CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 27 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 29 nsubj _ _ 28 just just ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 29 add add VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 30 -s - NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 31 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 32 punct _ _ 32 roofs roof NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 conj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 34 chefs chef NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 conj _ _ 35 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 29 punct _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **change** | present | Many f words | | | | | to ves and leaf and leaves and knife and knives and loaf *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to ve=Result | | 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | some | -s and roofs and chefs | | | | | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent -=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:006-spelling-plurals.lesson:21`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves…, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/20/) - next →: [Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves…, 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/22/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/)