---
title: Some -o words add -es (potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes) and other… — Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones · tree and pragmatics
description: Some -o words add -es (potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes) and others add -s (pianos, photos, zoos). Who acts: o words. A sentence of the lesson «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones, sentence 22

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some -o words add -es (potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes) and others add -s (pianos, photos, zoos).

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** o words · **What happens:** add · **To what, where:** es, -s

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (o words), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:english:006-spelling-plurals.lesson:22
# text = Some -o words add -es (potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes) and others add -s (pianos, photos, zoos).
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = english
# lesson = 006-spelling-plurals.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	_
3	o	o	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	compound	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:amod
4	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	add	add	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	_
7	es	e	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
9	potatoes	potato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	appos	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	tomatoes	tomato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	heroes	hero	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	echoes	echo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
19	add	add	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
20	-s	-	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
21	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	22	punct	_	_
22	pianos	piano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	zoos	zoo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
27	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | some o words and others | es |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent e=Patient |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | some o words and others *not said here* | -s and pianos and photos and zoos |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent -=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:006-spelling-plurals.lesson:22`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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