--- title: An apostrophe is never used to make a plural; «teacher's» means belo… — Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones · tree and pragmatics description: An apostrophe is never used to make a plural; «teacher's» means belonging to one teacher. Who acts: teacher. A sentence of the lesson «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/26/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/) / 26 # Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones, sentence 26 An apostrophe is never used to make a plural; «teacher's» means belonging to one teacher. **Who acts:** teacher · **What happens:** not use, make, mean, belong · **To what, where:** apostrophe, plural · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (teacher), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:006-spelling-plurals.lesson:26 # text = An apostrophe is never used to make a plural; «teacher's» means belonging to one teacher. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 006-spelling-plurals.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 apostrophe apostrophe NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 4 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 5 advmod _ _ 5 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 to to PART TO _ 7 mark _ _ 7 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 advcl _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 plural plural NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 11 « « PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ _ 12 teacher teacher NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 13 's 's PART POS _ 12 case _ _ 14 » » PUNCT '' _ 12 punct _ _ 15 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 16 belonging belong VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 15 ccomp _ _ 17 to to ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 19 nummod _ _ 19 teacher teacher NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 20 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **use** | present · passive | | a apostrophe | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | | a plural | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset plural=Product | | 3 | **mean** | present | teacher | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **belong** | gerund | | | | | | to one teacher | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:006-spelling-plurals.lesson:26`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves…, 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/25/) - next →: [Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves…, 27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/27/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/)