---
title: A consonant before the y: change y to i and add -es (baby, babies; p… — Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones · tree and pragmatics
description: A consonant before the y: change y to i and add -es (baby, babies; party, parties). A sentence of the lesson «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/5/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/) / 5

# Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones, sentence 5

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A consonant before the y: change y to i and add -es (baby, babies; party, parties).

<!-- .vintro -->
**What happens:** change, add · **To what, where:** y, i, es

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:english:006-spelling-plurals.lesson:5
# text = A consonant before the y: change y to i and add -es (baby, babies; party, parties).
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = english
# lesson = 006-spelling-plurals.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	consonant	consonant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	before	before	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	y	y	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	change	change	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	y	y	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=7:obj|HaikuPos=PRON:PRP:Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	i	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	_
14	es	e	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	_
16	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
20	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	parties	party	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | infinitive |  | y | i |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent y=Patient |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  | es |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent e=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:006-spelling-plurals.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/4/)
- next →: [Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/6/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/6-spelling-plurals/)