--- title: The past ending is always spelled -ed, even though it sounds like /t… — Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e · tree and pragmatics description: The past ending is always spelled -ed, even though it sounds like /t/ in «jumped», /d/ in «played» and /id/ in «wanted». Who acts: ending, t, d. A sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pra --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/) / 11 # Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e, sentence 11 The past ending is always spelled -ed, even though it sounds like /t/ in «jumped», /d/ in «played» and /id/ in «wanted». **Who acts:** ending, t, d · **What happens:** spell, sound, jump, play, want · **To what, where:** past ending, id, « · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ending, t, d), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:11 # text = The past ending is always spelled -ed, even though it sounds like /t/ in «jumped», /d/ in «played» and /id/ in «wanted». # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 past past ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 ending ending NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux:pass _ _ 5 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 6 advmod _ _ 6 spelled spell VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 7 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 8 punct _ _ 8 ed ed NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 10 even even ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 11 though though SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 sounds sound VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 advcl _ _ 14 like like ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 / / PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 16 t t NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 17 / / SYM , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 in in SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 19 « « PUNCT `` _ 20 punct _ _ 20 jumped jump VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 acl:relcl _ _ 21 » » PUNCT '' _ 20 punct _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 23 / / SYM , _ 24 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=28:punct 24 d d NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 25 / / SYM , _ 24 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=27:punct 26 in in ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 « « PUNCT `` _ 28 punct _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:conj|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 28 played play VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 29 » » PUNCT '' _ 28 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=36:punct 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 31 / / SYM SYM ExtPos=ADP 32 punct _ _ 32 id id NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ _ 33 / / PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 « « PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 obl _ _ 36 wanted want VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 conj _ _ 37 » » PUNCT '' _ 36 punct _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spell** | present · passive | | the past ending | | | | always *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **sound** | present | ending | | | | | like t | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 3 | **jump** *in a quote* | past | t *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **play** *in a quote* | past | d | | | | | | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **want** *in a quote* | past | d *not said here* | id | | « | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/10/) - next →: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/)