--- title: Consonant + y changes to i before -ed (cry, cried) but keeps the y b… — Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e · tree and pragmatics description: Consonant + y changes to i before -ed (cry, cried) but keeps the y before -ing (crying), because «criing» would put two i's together. Who acts: Consonant, i. A sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tre --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/) / 12 # Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e, sentence 12 Consonant + y changes to i before -ed (cry, cried) but keeps the y before -ing (crying), because «criing» would put two i's together. **Who acts:** Consonant, i · **What happens:** change, cry, keep, e, cri, put · **To what, where:** i, cry, y, » · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Consonant, i), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:12 # text = Consonant + y changes to i before -ed (cry, cried) but keeps the y before -ing (crying), because «criing» would put two i's together. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Consonant consonant NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 2 + + SYM SYM _ 3 cc _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=1:compound 3 y y ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 1 flat _ _ 4 changes change VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 to to ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 i i NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 7 before before ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 9 punct _ _ 9 ed ed NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 10 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 11 punct _ _ 11 cry cry NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 cried cry VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 acl _ _ 14 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 11 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=13:punct 15 but but CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 keeps keep VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 y y NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 before before ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 21 punct _ _ 21 ing e VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 16 obl _ _ 22 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 23 punct _ _ 23 crying crying NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:obj 24 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 23 punct _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 because because SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 27 « « PUNCT `` _ 28 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=28:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 28 criing cri VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 31 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:conj 29 » » PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obj _ _ 30 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 31 put put VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 advcl _ _ 32 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 35 nummod _ _ 33 i I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 34 's be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 cop _ _ 35 together together ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **change** | present | Consonant | | i | | before ed and cry | | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to i=Result | | 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | participle | | cry *not said here* | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **keep** | present | Consonant *not said here* | the y | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent y=Theme | | 4 | **e** | gerund | | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **cri** *in a quote* | gerund | | » | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **put** | would | | | | | | | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **is** | present | i | | | | | together *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/11/) - next →: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/)