--- title: Many very common verbs ignore -ed altogether: swim, swam; run, ran;… — Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e · tree and pragmatics description: Many very common verbs ignore -ed altogether: swim, swam; run, ran; go, went; catch, caught. Who acts: Many common verbs. A sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/) / 14 # Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e, sentence 14 Many very common verbs ignore -ed altogether: swim, swam; run, ran; go, went; catch, caught. **Who acts:** Many common verbs · **What happens:** ignore, swim, swam, run, go, catch · **To what, where:** ed, catch This is a sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many common verbs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:14 # text = Many very common verbs ignore -ed altogether: swim, swam; run, ran; go, went; catch, caught. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 2 very very ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 verbs verb NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 ignore ignore VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 6 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 7 punct _ _ 7 ed ed NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 8 altogether altogether ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 10 swim swim VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 parataxis _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:parataxis|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 swam swam VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 13 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 run run VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=4:punct 16 ran run VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 xcomp _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 catch catch NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 24 caught catch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 acl _ _ 25 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=16:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ignore** | present | Many common verbs | ed | | | | altogether *property* | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ed=Theme | | 2 | **swim** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **swam** | infinitive | | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **run** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **run** | past | | | | | | | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 6 | **go** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **go** | past | | catch | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **catch** | participle | | catch *not said here* | | | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/13/) - next →: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/)