--- title: A silent e drops before an ending that starts with a vowel: make, ma… — Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e · tree and pragmatics description: A silent e drops before an ending that starts with a vowel: make, making; hope, hoping. Who acts: silent e, ending, vowel. A sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/) / 18 # Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e, sentence 18 A silent e drops before an ending that starts with a vowel: make, making; hope, hoping. **Who acts:** silent e, ending, vowel · **What happens:** drop, start, make, hope · **To what, where:** ending This is a sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (silent e, ending, vowel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:18 # text = A silent e drops before an ending that starts with a vowel: make, making; hope, hoping. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:det 2 silent silent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 e e NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 drops drop VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 before before ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 ending ending NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 9 nsubj _ _ 9 starts start VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ _ 10 with with ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 vowel vowel NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 13 : : PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 14 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 acl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 making make VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 14 conj _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 18 hope hope VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 hoping hope VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 18 conj _ _ 21 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **drop** | present | a silent e | | | a ending | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme before ending=Trajectory | | 2 | **start** | present | a ending | | | | | with a vowel | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with vowel=Subeventuality | | 3 | **make** | infinitive | a vowel *not said here* | | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | | 4 | **make** | gerund | a vowel *not said here* | | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | | 5 | **hope** | present | | | | | | | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot | | 6 | **hope** | gerund | | | | | | | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/16/) - next →: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/)