--- title: In a short word with one short vowel and one final consonant, double… — Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e · tree and pragmatics description: In a short word with one short vowel and one final consonant, double the consonant before -ing or -ed: stop, stopped; hop, hopping. Who acts: you. A sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/) / 20 # Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e, sentence 20 In a short word with one short vowel and one final consonant, double the consonant before -ing or -ed: stop, stopped; hop, hopping. **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** double, -ing, stop, hop · **To what, where:** consonant, short word, ed This is a sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:20 # text = In a short word with one short vowel and one final consonant, double the consonant before -ing or -ed: stop, stopped; hop, hopping. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 5 with with ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 8 nummod _ _ 7 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 vowel vowel NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 10 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 11 final final ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 consonant consonant NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 14 double double VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 consonant consonant NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 17 before before SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 18 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 19 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=17:punct 19 ing -ing VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 14 advcl _ _ 20 or or CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 20 punct _ _ 22 ed ed NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 23 : : PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 24 stop stop NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 conj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 26 stopped stop VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=24:acl 27 ; ; PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 28 hop hop VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=22:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 hopping hop VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 19 conj _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: other - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=imp, act=other | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **double** | imperative | you *not said here* | the consonant | | a short word with one short vowel and one final consonant | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent consonant=Patient | | 2 | **-ing** | gerund | you *not said here* | ed and stop | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **stop** | participle | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 4 | **hop** | infinitive | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **hop** | gerund | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:20`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/19/) - next →: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/21/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/)