---
title: In longer words, double only if the stress falls on the last syllabl… — Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e · tree and pragmatics
description: In longer words, double only if the stress falls on the last syllable: begin, beginning; but garden, gardening. Who acts: you, stress. A sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e, sentence 21

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In longer words, double only if the stress falls on the last syllable: begin, beginning; but garden, gardening.

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**Who acts:** you, stress · **What happens:** double, fall, begin, garden · **To what, where:** longer words, last syllable

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, stress), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:21
# text = In longer words, double only if the stress falls on the last syllable: begin, beginning; but garden, gardening.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = english
# lesson = 007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	longer	long	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	double	double	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	stress	stress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	syllable	syllable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
16	begin	begin	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	beginning	begin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	conj	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	gardening	garden	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	conj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **double** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | longer words |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **fall** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | the stress |  |  | the last syllable |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on syllable=Location |
| 3 | **begin** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **begin** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 5 | **garden** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:21`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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