--- title: Consonant + y changes to i before -ed (cried, tried) but stays befor… — Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e · tree and pragmatics description: Consonant + y changes to i before -ed (cried, tried) but stays before -ing (crying, trying). Who acts: Consonant. A sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/) / 23 # Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e, sentence 23 Consonant + y changes to i before -ed (cried, tried) but stays before -ing (crying, trying). **Who acts:** Consonant · **What happens:** change, cry, try, stay · **To what, where:** i, ed, ing This is a sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Consonant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:23 # text = Consonant + y changes to i before -ed (cried, tried) but stays before -ing (crying, trying). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Consonant consonant NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 2 + + SYM SYM _ 3 cc _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=1:compound 3 y y NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=1:conj|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 4 changes change VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 to to ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 i I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 obl _ _ 7 before before ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 9 punct _ _ 9 ed ed NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 10 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 11 punct _ _ 11 cried cry VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 acl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 tried try VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 conj _ _ 14 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 11 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=13:punct 15 but but CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 stays stay VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 17 before before ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 19 punct _ _ 19 ing e NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 20 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 21 punct _ _ 21 crying cry VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 19 conj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 trying try VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 21 conj _ _ 24 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 21 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=23:punct 25 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **change** | present | Consonant + y | | i | | before ed | | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to i=Result | | 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | participle | | ed *not said here* | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **try** | participle | | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **stay** | present | Consonant + y *not said here* | | | ing | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before e=Location | | 5 | **cry** *speech: express* | gerund | Consonant + y *not said here* | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **try** | gerund | Consonant + y *not said here* | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:23`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/22/) - next →: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/24/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/)