--- title: Words ending in c add k before -ing and -ed, because a c before i or… — Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e · tree and pragmatics description: Words ending in c add k before -ing and -ed, because a c before i or e says a soft /s/: panicking, picnicked. Who acts: Words, c. A sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/) / 24 # Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e, sentence 24 Words ending in c add k before -ing and -ed, because a c before i or e says a soft /s/: panicking, picnicked. **Who acts:** Words, c · **What happens:** end, add, say, picnic · **To what, where:** c, k, soft · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Words, c), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:24 # text = Words ending in c add k before -ing and -ed, because a c before i or e says a soft /s/: panicking, picnicked. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 ending end VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 1 acl _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 c c NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 5 add add VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 k k NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:obj|HaikuPos=NUM:CD:Abbr=Yes|NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 7 before before ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 9 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=7:punct 9 ing ing NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 10 punct _ _ 12 ed ed NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 14 because because SCONJ IN _ 21 mark _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 c c NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 17 before before ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 i i NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 19 or or CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 e e NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:conj 21 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 soft soft NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 24 / / SYM SYM _ 25 cc _ _ 25 s s NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 conj _ _ 26 / / SYM SYM _ 28 cc _ _ 27 : : PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 28 panicking panicking NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 conj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 picnicked picnic VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **end** | gerund | Words *not said here* | | | c | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | Words | k | | | before ing and ed | | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent k=Patient | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a c before i or e | a soft / s / panicking | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent soft=Topic | | 4 | **picnic** | past | a c before i or e *not said here* | | | | | | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:007-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e.lesson:24`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/23/) - next →: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/25/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/)