--- title: «-ful» means full of (hopeful), «-less» means without (useless), «-n… — Suffixes -ous, -ly, -ful, -less, -ness, -ment · tree and pragmatics description: «-ful» means full of (hopeful), «-less» means without (useless), «-ness» makes a feeling or state into a thing (kindness), «-ment» makes a thing from a verb (enjoyment), «-ly» often tells how (slowly), and «-ous» makes describing words meaning full of (famous, dangerous). Who acts: ful, less, ness, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/9-suffixes-ous-ly-ful-less-ness-ment/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Suffixes -ous, -ly, -ful, -less, -ness…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/9-suffixes-ous-ly-ful-less-ness-ment/) / 1 # Suffixes -ous, -ly, -ful, -less, -ness, -ment, sentence 1 «-ful» means full of (hopeful), «-less» means without (useless), «-ness» makes a feeling or state into a thing (kindness), «-ment» makes a thing from a verb (enjoyment), «-ly» often tells how (slowly), and «-ous» makes describing words meaning full of (famous, dangerous). **Who acts:** ful, less, ness, ment, ly, ous · **What happens:** mean, make, tell, describe · **To what, where:** feeling, thing, verb · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Suffixes -ous, -ly, -ful, -less, -ness, -ment» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ful, less, ness, ment), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:009-suffixes-ous-ly-ful-less-ness-ment.lesson:1 # text = «-ful» means full of (hopeful), «-less» means without (useless), «-ness» makes a feeling or state into a thing (kindness), «-ment» makes a thing from a verb (enjoyment), «-ly» often tells how (slowly), and «-ous» makes describing words meaning full of (famous, dangerous). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 009-suffixes-ous-ly-ful-less-ness-ment.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 « « PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ _ 2 - - PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 3 ful ful NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 » » PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ 5 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 xcomp _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 9 punct _ _ 9 hopeful hopeful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 obl _ _ 10 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 9 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=6:punct 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 « « PUNCT `` _ 14 punct _ _ 13 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 14 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 14 less less NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 15 » » PUNCT '' _ 14 punct _ _ 16 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 17 without without ADP IN _ 19 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:mark|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_ 18 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 19 punct _ _ 19 useless useless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 ccomp _ _ 20 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 19 punct _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 22 « « PUNCT `` _ 24 punct _ _ 23 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 24 punct _ _ 24 ness ness NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 25 » » PUNCT '' _ 24 punct _ _ 26 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 feeling feeling NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 29 or or CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 state state NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 conj _ _ 31 into into ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 34 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 35 punct _ _ 35 kindness kindness NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 appos _ _ 36 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 35 punct _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 38 « « PUNCT `` _ 40 punct _ _ 39 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 40 punct _ _ 40 ment ment NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ _ 41 » » PUNCT '' _ 40 punct _ _ 42 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ _ 43 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obj _ _ 45 from from ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 verb verb NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 nmod _ _ 48 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 49 punct _ _ 49 enjoyment enjoyment NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 appos _ _ 50 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 49 punct _ _ 51 , , PUNCT , _ 55 punct _ _ 52 « « PUNCT `` _ 54 punct _ _ 53 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 54 punct _ _ 54 ly ly NOUN NN Number=Sing 57 nsubj _ _ 55 » » PUNCT '' _ 54 punct _ _ 56 often often ADV RB _ 57 advmod _ _ 57 tells tell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 conj _ _ 58 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 60 advmod _ _ 59 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 60 punct _ _ 60 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 57 advmod _ _ 61 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 60 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=57:punct 62 , , PUNCT , _ 64 punct _ _ 63 and and CCONJ CC _ 68 cc _ _ 64 « « PUNCT `` _ 66 punct _ _ 65 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 66 punct _ _ 66 ous ous NOUN NN Number=Sing 68 nsubj _ _ 67 » » PUNCT '' _ 66 punct _ _ 68 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 57 conj _ _ 69 describing describe VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 68 xcomp _ _ 70 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 71 nsubj _ _ 71 meaning mean VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 69 ccomp _ _ 72 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 71 xcomp _ _ 73 of of ADP IN _ 75 case _ _ 74 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 75 punct _ _ 75 famous famous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 72 obl _ _ 76 , , PUNCT , _ 77 punct _ _ 77 dangerous dangerous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 75 conj _ _ 78 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 75 punct _ _ 79 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | ful | | | | | full *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **mean** | present | less | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **make** | present | ness | a feeling or state | | a thing | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent feeling=Material into thing=Product | | 4 | **make** | present | ment | a thing | | a verb | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset thing=Product from verb=Material | | 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | ly | | | | | often, slowly *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **make** | present | ous | | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **describe** | gerund | ous *not said here* | | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 8 | **mean** | gerund | words | | | | | full *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:009-suffixes-ous-ly-ful-less-ness-ment.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Suffixes -ous, -ly, -ful, -less, -ness…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/9-suffixes-ous-ly-ful-less-ness-ment/0/) - next →: [Suffixes -ous, -ly, -ful, -less, -ness…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/9-suffixes-ous-ly-ful-less-ness-ment/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/9-suffixes-ous-ly-ful-less-ness-ment/)