--- title: A suffix is added to the end of a word and changes its meaning or jo… — Suffixes -ous, -ly, -ful, -less, -ness, -ment · tree and pragmatics description: A suffix is added to the end of a word and changes its meaning or job: -ful (full of), -less (without), -ness (a state), -ment (a thing), -ly (how), -ous (full of). Who acts: suffix. A sentence of the lesson «Suffixes -ous, -ly, -ful, -less, -ness, -ment» of the english course of Mova's primary scho --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/9-suffixes-ous-ly-ful-less-ness-ment/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Suffixes -ous, -ly, -ful, -less, -ness…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/9-suffixes-ous-ly-ful-less-ness-ment/) / 16 # Suffixes -ous, -ly, -ful, -less, -ness, -ment, sentence 16 A suffix is added to the end of a word and changes its meaning or job: -ful (full of), -less (without), -ness (a state), -ment (a thing), -ly (how), -ous (full of). **Who acts:** suffix · **What happens:** add, change, mean · **To what, where:** suffix, meaning This is a sentence of the lesson «Suffixes -ous, -ly, -ful, -less, -ness, -ment» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (suffix), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:009-suffixes-ous-ly-ful-less-ness-ment.lesson:16 # text = A suffix is added to the end of a word and changes its meaning or job: -ful (full of), -less (without), -ness (a state), -ment (a thing), -ly (how), -ous (full of). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 009-suffixes-ous-ly-ful-less-ness-ment.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 suffix suffix NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 added add VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 to to ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 changes change VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 13 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 meaning meaning NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 or or CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 job job NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 conj _ _ 17 : : PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 18 - - X GW _ 21 advmod _ _ 19 ful ful X JJ _ 18 goeswith _ _ 20 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 21 punct _ _ 21 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 acl:relcl _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 21 obl _ _ 23 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 21 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=4:punct 24 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=32:punct 25 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 26 punct _ _ 26 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 32 amod _ _ 27 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 28 punct _ _ 28 without without ADP IN _ 26 obl _ _ 29 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 26 punct _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 31 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 26 punct _ _ 32 ness ness NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 conj _ _ 33 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 35 punct _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 state state NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 appos _ _ 36 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 35 punct _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 38 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 39 punct _ _ 39 ment ment NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nmod _ _ 40 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 42 punct _ _ 41 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:parataxis 43 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 42 punct _ _ 44 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 45 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 46 punct _ _ 46 ly ly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 conj _ _ 47 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 48 punct _ _ 48 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 35 nmod _ _ 49 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 48 punct _ _ 50 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 51 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 52 punct _ _ 52 ous ous NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nmod _ _ 53 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 54 punct _ _ 54 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 52 amod _ _ 55 of of ADP IN _ 54 obl _ _ 56 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 54 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=35:punct 57 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | present · passive | | a suffix | | | to the end of a word | | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to end=Co-Patient | | 2 | **change** | present | | suffix's meaning or job | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient | | 3 | **mean** | | suffix | | | | | | nom meaning «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:009-suffixes-ous-ly-ful-less-ness-ment.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Suffixes -ous, -ly, -ful, -less, -ness…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/9-suffixes-ous-ly-ful-less-ness-ment/15/) - next →: [Suffixes -ous, -ly, -ful, -less, -ness…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/9-suffixes-ous-ly-ful-less-ness-ment/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/9-suffixes-ous-ly-ful-less-ness-ment/)