--- title: "Passed", said alone ("his dad passed last year"), means died; it is… — Soft words for hard things: death and dying · tree and pragmatics description: "Passed", said alone ("his dad passed last year"), means died; it is common in everyday American speech. Who acts: dad, teacher. A sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: death and dying» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/1-death-polite-and-joking/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Euphemisms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/) / [Soft words for hard things: death and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/1-death-polite-and-joking/) / 7 # Soft words for hard things: death and dying, sentence 7 "Passed", said alone ("his dad passed last year"), means died; it is common in everyday American speech. **Who acts:** dad, teacher · **What happens:** pass, say, mean, die, be · **To what, where:** everyday American speech · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: death and dying» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dad, teacher), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:euphemisms:001-death-polite-and-joking.lesson:7 # text = "Passed", said alone ("his dad passed last year"), means died; it is common in everyday American speech. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = euphemisms # lesson = 001-death-polite-and-joking.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 2 punct _ _ 2 Passed pass VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 nsubj _ _ 3 " " PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 5 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 parataxis _ _ 6 alone alone ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 7 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 11 punct _ _ 8 " " PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ _ 9 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 dad dad NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 11 passed pass VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 12 last last ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl:unmarked _ _ 14 " " PUNCT '' _ 11 punct _ _ 15 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 11 punct _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 18 died die VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 ccomp _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=17:ccomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 21 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 cop _ _ 22 common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 parataxis _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 24 everyday everyday ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 25 American American ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 speech speech NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 17 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **pass** *in a quote* | participle | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | | | | | | alone *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **pass** *in a quote* | past | word's dad | | | | year | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **mean** | present | | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **die** | past | | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 6 | **is** | present | teacher | | | everyday American speech | | common *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:euphemisms:001-death-polite-and-joking.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Soft words for hard things: death and…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/1-death-polite-and-joking/6/) - next →: [Soft words for hard things: death and…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/1-death-polite-and-joking/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/1-death-polite-and-joking/)