---
title: "Lady friend" means a man's girlfriend (old-fashioned). — Soft words for hard things: relations and family · tree and pragmatics
description: "Lady friend" means a man's girlfriend (old-fashioned). Who acts: Lady friend. A sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: relations and family» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Soft words for hard things: relations and family, sentence 16

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"Lady friend" means a man's girlfriend (old-fashioned).

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**Who acts:** Lady friend · **What happens:** mean · **To what, where:** girlfriend

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: relations and family» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lady friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:euphemisms:013-relations-and-family.lesson:16
# text = "Lady friend" means a man's girlfriend (old-fashioned).
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = euphemisms
# lesson = 013-relations-and-family.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	_
2	Lady	Lady	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:det
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	girlfriend	girlfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	_
13	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Lady friend | a man's girlfriend |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent girlfriend=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:euphemisms:013-relations-and-family.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Soft words for hard things: relations…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/13-relations-and-family/15/)
- next →: [Soft words for hard things: relations…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/13-relations-and-family/17/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/13-relations-and-family/)