---
title: "In straitened circumstances" (old-fashioned) means poor and short o… — Soft words for hard things: money and poverty · tree and pragmatics
description: "In straitened circumstances" (old-fashioned) means poor and short of money. A sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: money and poverty» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Soft words for hard things: money and poverty, sentence 7

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"In straitened circumstances" (old-fashioned) means poor and short of money.

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**What happens:** straiten, mean · **To what, where:** poor · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: money and poverty» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:euphemisms:019-money-and-poverty.lesson:7
# text = "In straitened circumstances" (old-fashioned) means poor and short of money.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = euphemisms
# lesson = 019-money-and-poverty.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
2	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	straitened	straiten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:nsubj
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	_
9	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	parataxis	_	_
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
11	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	obj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:xcomp
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **straiten** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  | poor |  |  |  | in straitened circumstances | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot poor=Theme in circumstance=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:euphemisms:019-money-and-poverty.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Soft words for hard things: money and…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/19-money-and-poverty/6/)
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