--- title: "Gave up the ghost" means died; it is also said jokingly of a machin… — Soft words for hard things: death and dying · tree and pragmatics description: "Gave up the ghost" means died; it is also said jokingly of a machine that stops working for good. Who acts: machine. A sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: death and dying» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/2-death-official-and-slang/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Euphemisms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/) / [Soft words for hard things: death and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/2-death-official-and-slang/) / 14 # Soft words for hard things: death and dying, sentence 14 "Gave up the ghost" means died; it is also said jokingly of a machine that stops working for good. **Who acts:** machine · **What happens:** give up, mean, die, say, stop, work · **To what, where:** ghost · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: death and dying» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (machine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:euphemisms:002-death-official-and-slang.lesson:14 # text = "Gave up the ghost" means died; it is also said jokingly of a machine that stops working for good. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = euphemisms # lesson = 002-death-official-and-slang.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 2 punct _ _ 2 Gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 csubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:nsubj 3 up up ADP RP _ 2 compound:prt _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 ghost ghost NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 6 " " PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=5:punct 7 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 died die VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 ccomp _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 10 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj:pass _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:expl 11 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux:pass _ _ 12 also also ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 13 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 conj _ _ 14 jokingly jokingly ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 machine machine NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 18 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 19 nsubj _ _ 19 stops stop VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 acl:relcl _ _ 20 working work VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 19 xcomp _ _ 21 for for ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 obl _ _ 23 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give up** *in a quote* | past | | the ghost | | | | | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ghost=Source | | 2 | **mean** | present | | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **die** | participle | | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive | | ghost | | | | of a machine; jokingly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | | 5 | **stop** | present | a machine | | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | | 6 | **work** | gerund | a machine *not said here* | | | | | for good | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for good=Beneficiary | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:euphemisms:002-death-official-and-slang.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Soft words for hard things: death and…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/2-death-official-and-slang/13/) - next →: [Soft words for hard things: death and…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/2-death-official-and-slang/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/2-death-official-and-slang/)