---
title: "Headwinds" in business means problems that hurt sales. — Soft words for hard things: business and adverti… · tree and pragmatics
description: "Headwinds" in business means problems that hurt sales. Who acts: Headwinds, problems. A sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: business and advertising and politics and government spin» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/23-fees-bugs-and-spin/16/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Euphemisms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/) / [Soft words for hard things: business a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/23-fees-bugs-and-spin/) / 16

# Soft words for hard things: business and advertising and politics and government spin, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Headwinds" in business means problems that hurt sales.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Headwinds, problems · **What happens:** mean, hurt · **To what, where:** problems, sales

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: business and advertising and politics and government spin» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Headwinds, problems), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:euphemisms:023-fees-bugs-and-spin.lesson:16
# text = "Headwinds" in business means problems that hurt sales.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = euphemisms
# lesson = 023-fees-bugs-and-spin.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	_
2	Headwinds	headwind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=7:acl:relcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
10	sales	sale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Headwinds in business | problems |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic |
| 2 | **hurt** | present | problems | sales |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sale=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:euphemisms:023-fees-bugs-and-spin.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Soft words for hard things: business a…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/23-fees-bugs-and-spin/15/)
- next →: [Soft words for hard things: business a…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/23-fees-bugs-and-spin/17/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/23-fees-bugs-and-spin/)