--- title: "Challenging trading conditions" means business is bad and losing mo… — Soft words for hard things: business and adverti… · tree and pragmatics description: "Challenging trading conditions" means business is bad and losing money (UK). Who acts: Challenging trading conditions, business. A sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: business and advertising and politics and government spin» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school with it --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/23-fees-bugs-and-spin/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Euphemisms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/) / [Soft words for hard things: business a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/23-fees-bugs-and-spin/) / 17 # Soft words for hard things: business and advertising and politics and government spin, sentence 17 "Challenging trading conditions" means business is bad and losing money (UK). **Who acts:** Challenging trading conditions, business · **What happens:** mean, be, lose · **To what, where:** money · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: business and advertising and politics and government spin» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Challenging trading conditions, business), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:euphemisms:023-fees-bugs-and-spin.lesson:17 # text = "Challenging trading conditions" means business is bad and losing money (UK). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = euphemisms # lesson = 023-fees-bugs-and-spin.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 4 punct _ _ 2 Challenging challenging ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 3 trading trading NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 conditions condition NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 5 " " PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ _ 6 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 business business NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 8 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 9 bad bad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 ccomp _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 losing lose VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 9 conj _ _ 12 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 13 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 14 punct _ _ 14 UK UK PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 parataxis _ _ 15 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 14 punct _ _ 16 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | Challenging trading conditions | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is** | present | business | | | | | bad *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **lose** | gerund | business *not said here* | money | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:euphemisms:023-fees-bugs-and-spin.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Soft words for hard things: business a…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/23-fees-bugs-and-spin/16/) - next →: [Soft words for hard things: business a…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/23-fees-bugs-and-spin/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/23-fees-bugs-and-spin/)