---
title: "Undocumented immigrant" means an immigrant living without legal per… — Soft words for hard things: politics and governm… · tree and pragmatics
description: "Undocumented immigrant" means an immigrant living without legal permission (US, polite). Who acts: Undocumented immigrant, immigrant. A sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: politics and government spin» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and th
---

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# Soft words for hard things: politics and government spin, sentence 17

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"Undocumented immigrant" means an immigrant living without legal permission (US, polite).

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**Who acts:** Undocumented immigrant, immigrant · **What happens:** mean, live · **To what, where:** immigrant

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: politics and government spin» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Undocumented immigrant, immigrant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:euphemisms:024-government-spin.lesson:17
# text = "Undocumented immigrant" means an immigrant living without legal permission (US, polite).
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = euphemisms
# lesson = 024-government-spin.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	_
2	Undocumented	undocumented	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	immigrant	immigrant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	immigrant	immigrant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	acl	_	_
9	without	without	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	legal	legal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:obj
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
13	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	polite	polite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Undocumented immigrant | a immigrant |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent immigrant=Topic |
| 2 | **live** | gerund | a immigrant *not said here* |  |  |  |  | without legal permission | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:euphemisms:024-government-spin.lesson:17`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Soft words for hard things: politics a…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/24-government-spin/15/)
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