---
title: "Irregularities" in official reports means fraud (cheating people ou… — Soft words for hard things: crime, prison and th… · tree and pragmatics
description: "Irregularities" in official reports means fraud (cheating people out of money) or other wrongdoing. Who acts: Irregularities, fraud. A sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: crime, prison and the police and lying and honesty» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school with its d
---

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# Soft words for hard things: crime, prison and the police and lying and honesty, sentence 6

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Irregularities" in official reports means fraud (cheating people out of money) or other wrongdoing.

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**Who acts:** Irregularities, fraud · **What happens:** mean, cheat · **To what, where:** fraud, people, money

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: crime, prison and the police and lying and honesty» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Irregularities, fraud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:euphemisms:028-stealing-and-lying.lesson:6
# text = "Irregularities" in official reports means fraud (cheating people out of money) or other wrongdoing.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = euphemisms
# lesson = 028-stealing-and-lying.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	_
2	Irregularities	irregularity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	reports	report	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	fraud	fraud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	_
10	cheating	cheat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=14:punct
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Irregularities in official reports | fraud or other wrongdoing |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fraud=Topic |
| 2 | **cheat** | gerund | fraud or other wrongdoing *not said here* | people |  | money |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:euphemisms:028-stealing-and-lying.lesson:6`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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