---
title: "Shading the truth" means lying slightly. — Soft words for hard things: lying and honesty an… · tree and pragmatics
description: "Shading the truth" means lying slightly. Who acts: Shading. A sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: lying and honesty and drinking and drugs» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Soft words for hard things: lying and honesty and drinking and drugs, sentence 7

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"Shading the truth" means lying slightly.

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**Who acts:** Shading · **What happens:** shade, mean, lie · **To what, where:** truth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: lying and honesty and drinking and drugs» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shading), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:euphemisms:029-lying-and-drinking.lesson:7
# text = "Shading the truth" means lying slightly.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = euphemisms
# lesson = 029-lying-and-drinking.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	_
2	Shading	shade	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	csubj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	slightly	slightly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shade** *in a quote* | gerund |  | the truth |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent truth=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Shading |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **lie** *not said to happen* | gerund | Shading *not said here* |  |  |  |  | slightly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:euphemisms:029-lying-and-drinking.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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