--- title: "Old Scratch" (old-fashioned, US) means the Devil. — Soft words for hard things: drinking and drugs a… · tree and pragmatics description: "Old Scratch" (old-fashioned, US) means the Devil. Who acts: Old Scratch. A sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: drinking and drugs and religion and fate» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/31-drinking-drugs-religion-fate/21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Euphemisms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/) / [Soft words for hard things: drinking a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/31-drinking-drugs-religion-fate/) / 21 # Soft words for hard things: drinking and drugs and religion and fate, sentence 21 "Old Scratch" (old-fashioned, US) means the Devil. **Who acts:** Old Scratch · **What happens:** mean · **To what, where:** Devil This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: drinking and drugs and religion and fate» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Old Scratch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:euphemisms:031-drinking-drugs-religion-fate.lesson:21 # text = "Old Scratch" (old-fashioned, US) means the Devil. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = euphemisms # lesson = 031-drinking-drugs-religion-fate.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ _ 2 Old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 Scratch scratch PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 4 " " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ 5 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 8 punct _ _ 6 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 7 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 6 punct _ _ 8 fashioned fashioned ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:appos 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 US US PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 appos _ _ 11 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 8 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=10:punct 12 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 Devil Devil PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | Old Scratch | the Devil | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent devil=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:euphemisms:031-drinking-drugs-religion-fate.lesson:21`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Soft words for hard things: drinking a…, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/31-drinking-drugs-religion-fate/20/) - next →: [Soft words for hard things: drinking a…, 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/31-drinking-drugs-religion-fate/22/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/31-drinking-drugs-religion-fate/)