---
title: "Darn" is a mild word used instead of the swear word "damn". — Soft words for hard things: stupidity and madnes… · tree and pragmatics
description: "Darn" is a mild word used instead of the swear word "damn". Who acts: Darn. A sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: stupidity and madness and rudeness and swearing» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Soft words for hard things: stupidity and madness and rudeness and swearing, sentence 24

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Darn" is a mild word used instead of the swear word "damn".

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**Who acts:** Darn · **What happens:** be, use, swear · **To what, where:** mild word

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: stupidity and madness and rudeness and swearing» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Darn), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:euphemisms:037-bats-and-gosh.lesson:24
# text = "Darn" is a mild word used instead of the swear word "damn".
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = euphemisms
# lesson = 037-bats-and-gosh.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	_
2	Darn	darn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	mild	mild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	swear	swear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	compound	_	_
13	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	_
15	damn	damn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Darn | a mild word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a mild word *not said here* |  |  |  | instead the swear word | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **swear** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:euphemisms:037-bats-and-gosh.lesson:24`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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