---
title: "Special needs" means learning or physical disabilities that need ex… — Soft words for hard things: illness, disability… · tree and pragmatics
description: "Special needs" means learning or physical disabilities that need extra help, especially at school. Who acts: Special needs, learning disabilities. A sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: illness, disability and the body» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school with its depen
---

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# Soft words for hard things: illness, disability and the body, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Special needs" means learning or physical disabilities that need extra help, especially at school.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Special needs, learning disabilities · **What happens:** mean, need · **To what, where:** learning disabilities, extra help, school

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: illness, disability and the body» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Special needs, learning disabilities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:euphemisms:004-illness-disability-and-babies.lesson:8
# text = "Special needs" means learning or physical disabilities that need extra help, especially at school.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = euphemisms
# lesson = 004-illness-disability-and-babies.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	_
2	Special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	needs	need	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	learning	learning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:ccomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBG:VerbForm=Ger
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	physical	physical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:amod
9	disabilities	disability	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:obj
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Special needs | learning disabilities |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disability=Topic |
| 2 | **need** | present | learning disabilities | extra help |  | school |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot help=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:euphemisms:004-illness-disability-and-babies.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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