---
title: "A robust discussion" means a heated argument; it is official langua… — Soft words for hard things: rudeness and swearing · tree and pragmatics
description: "A robust discussion" means a heated argument; it is official language. Who acts: robust discussion, argument. A sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: rudeness and swearing» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Soft words for hard things: rudeness and swearing, sentence 23

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"A robust discussion" means a heated argument; it is official language.

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**Who acts:** robust discussion, argument · **What happens:** mean, be · **To what, where:** heated argument, official language

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: rudeness and swearing» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (robust discussion, argument), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:euphemisms:040-with-all-due-respect.lesson:23
# text = "A robust discussion" means a heated argument; it is official language.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = euphemisms
# lesson = 040-with-all-due-respect.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	_
2	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	robust	robust	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	discussion	discussion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	heated	heat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | a robust discussion | a heated argument |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent argument=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | argument | official language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:euphemisms:040-with-all-due-respect.lesson:23`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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