---
title: "A shadow on the lung" means a mark on an X-ray that may be a tumour… — Soft words for hard things: illness, disability… · tree and pragmatics
description: "A shadow on the lung" means a mark on an X-ray that may be a tumour in the lung. Who acts: shadow, X ray. A sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: illness, disability and the body» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Soft words for hard things: illness, disability and the body, sentence 17

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"A shadow on the lung" means a mark on an X-ray that may be a tumour in the lung.

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**Who acts:** shadow, X ray · **What happens:** mean, be · **To what, where:** mark, X ray, tumour, lung

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: illness, disability and the body» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shadow, X ray), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:euphemisms:005-drink-mind-and-body.lesson:17
# text = "A shadow on the lung" means a mark on an X-ray that may be a tumour in the lung.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = euphemisms
# lesson = 005-drink-mind-and-body.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	_
2	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lung	lung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=6:punct
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	X	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	_
15	ray	ray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
17	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
18	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	cop	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	tumour	tumour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	acl:relcl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	lung	lung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | a shadow on the lung | a mark |  | a X ray |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mark=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | may | a X ray | a tumour |  | the lung |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:euphemisms:005-drink-mind-and-body.lesson:17`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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