--- title: Knowing these words helps you understand what is really happening —… — Soft words for hard things: the toilet and bodil… · tree and pragmatics description: Knowing these words helps you understand what is really happening — for example that a friend "had an accident" does not mean a car crash. Who acts: Knowing, you, friend. A sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: the toilet and bodily functions» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/7-wind-sick-and-runs/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Euphemisms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/) / [Soft words for hard things: the toilet…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/7-wind-sick-and-runs/) / 4 # Soft words for hard things: the toilet and bodily functions, sentence 4 Knowing these words helps you understand what is really happening — for example that a friend "had an accident" does not mean a car crash. **Who acts:** Knowing, you, friend · **What happens:** know, help, understand, happen, have, not mean · **To what, where:** words, accident, car crash · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Soft words for hard things: the toilet and bodily functions» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Knowing, you, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:euphemisms:007-wind-sick-and-runs.lesson:4 # text = Knowing these words helps you understand what is really happening — for example that a friend "had an accident" does not mean a car crash. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = euphemisms # lesson = 007-wind-sick-and-runs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Knowing know VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 4 csubj _ _ 2 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 3 det _ _ 3 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 obj _ _ 4 helps help VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 6 understand understand VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:ccomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 what what PRON WP PronType=Rel 10 nsubj _ _ 8 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 9 really really ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 10 happening happen VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 6 ccomp _ _ 11 — - PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 for for ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 example example NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 parataxis _ _ 14 that that SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 friend friend NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 17 " " PUNCT `` _ 18 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=16:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 18 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 csubj _ _ 19 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 accident accident NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 21 " " PUNCT '' _ 18 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=20:punct 22 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 23 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 24 advmod _ _ 24 mean mean VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 parataxis _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:ccomp 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 26 car car NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 compound _ _ 27 crash crash NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **know** | gerund | | this words | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus | | 2 | **help** | present | Knowing | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 3 | **understand** | infinitive | you | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 4 | **happen** | present · progressive | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **have** *in a quote* | past | a friend | a accident | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent accident=Patient | | 6 | **not** **mean** | present · do-support | | a car crash | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crash=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:euphemisms:007-wind-sick-and-runs.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Soft words for hard things: the toilet…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/7-wind-sick-and-runs/3/) - next →: [Soft words for hard things: the toilet…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/7-wind-sick-and-runs/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/euphemisms/7-wind-sick-and-runs/)