---
title: To introduce a friend to an older person, the old custom is to say t… — More greetings and making introductions · tree and pragmatics
description: To introduce a friend to an older person, the old custom is to say the older person's name first: "Grandma, this is Tom." Who acts: old custom, this, older person. A sentence of the lesson «More greetings and making introductions» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency t
---

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# More greetings and making introductions, sentence 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To introduce a friend to an older person, the old custom is to say the older person's name first: "Grandma, this is Tom."

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** old custom, this, older person · **What happens:** introduce, be, name · **To what, where:** friend, Tom · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «More greetings and making introductions» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old custom, this, older person), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:125-greetings-and-introductions.lesson:2
# text = To introduce a friend to an older person, the old custom is to say the older person's name first: "Grandma, this is Tom."
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 125-greetings-and-introductions.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	introduce	introduce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	18	amod	_	_
18	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod:poss	_	_
19	's	's	PART	POS	_	18	case	_	_
20	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
21	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	15	advmod	_	_
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
23	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	_
24	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	vocative	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	28	nsubj	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
28	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	parataxis	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
30	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **introduce** | to-infinitive | the old custom *not said here* | a friend |  |  |  | to a older person | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent friend=Patient to person=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **be** *speech: assert* | present | the old custom |  |  |  |  | first, say *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | this | Tom |  |  |  | Grandma *vocative* | tree rules |
| 4 | **name** |  | the older person |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:125-greetings-and-introductions.lesson:2`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- next →: [More greetings and making introductions, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/125-greetings-and-introductions/3/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/125-greetings-and-introductions/)