---
title: Thunder is the sound of air suddenly heated by lightning and expandi… — Weather signs and the 30-30 rule · tree and pragmatics
description: Thunder is the sound of air suddenly heated by lightning and expanding very fast. Who acts: Thunder. A sentence of the lesson «Weather signs and the 30-30 rule» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Weather signs and the 30-30 rule, sentence 10

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Thunder is the sound of air suddenly heated by lightning and expanding very fast.

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**Who acts:** Thunder · **What happens:** be, heat, expand · **To what, where:** sound, air

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather signs and the 30-30 rule» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thunder), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:015-weather-signs.lesson:10
# text = Thunder is the sound of air suddenly heated by lightning and expanding very fast.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 015-weather-signs.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:nsubj|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	heated	heat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:acl:relcl
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	lightning	lightning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	expanding	expand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
13	very	very	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	fast	fast	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Thunder | the sound |  |  |  | of air | tree rules |
| 2 | **heat** | participle |  | air *not said here* |  |  |  | by lightning; suddenly *property* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **expand** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:015-weather-signs.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Weather signs and the 30-30 rule, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/15-weather-signs/9/)
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