--- title: Swearing hard, like «cross my heart», does not make a statement more… — Telling when someone may be lying · tree and pragmatics description: Swearing hard, like «cross my heart», does not make a statement more true. Who acts: Swearing. A sentence of the lesson «Telling when someone may be lying» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Telling when someone may be lying](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/) / 12 # Telling when someone may be lying, sentence 12 Swearing hard, like «cross my heart», does not make a statement more true. **Who acts:** Swearing · **What happens:** swear, cross, not make · **To what, where:** heart, statement This is a sentence of the lesson «Telling when someone may be lying» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swearing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying.lesson:12 # text = Swearing hard, like «cross my heart», does not make a statement more true. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Swearing swear VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 13 csubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:advcl 2 hard hard ADV RB Degree=Pos 1 advmod _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 4 like like ADP IN _ 6 mark _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=6:mark|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_ 5 « « PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ _ 6 cross cross VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 1 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=1:conj 7 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 8 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 9 » » PUNCT '' _ 6 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=1:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 11 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 12 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 13 advmod _ _ 13 make make VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 statement statement NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 16 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 17 advmod _ _ 17 true true ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 xcomp _ _ 18 . . PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **swear** | gerund | | | | | | hard *property* | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **cross** *in a quote* | infinitive | | my heart | | | | | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Patient | | 3 | **not** **make** | present · do-support | Swearing | a statement | | | | true *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset statement=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Telling when someone may be lying, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/11/) - next →: [Telling when someone may be lying, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/)