--- title: Many untrue stories are not lies: memory fills its gaps by guessing,… — Telling when someone may be lying · tree and pragmatics description: Many untrue stories are not lies: memory fills its gaps by guessing, so two honest people can remember the same fight differently. Who acts: Many untrue stories, memory, two honest people. A sentence of the lesson «Telling when someone may be lying» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school wi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Telling when someone may be lying](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/) / 4 # Telling when someone may be lying, sentence 4 Many untrue stories are not lies: memory fills its gaps by guessing, so two honest people can remember the same fight differently. **Who acts:** Many untrue stories, memory, two honest people · **What happens:** not be, fill, guess, remember · **To what, where:** lies, gaps, same fight This is a sentence of the lesson «Telling when someone may be lying» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many untrue stories, memory, two honest people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying.lesson:4 # text = Many untrue stories are not lies: memory fills its gaps by guessing, so two honest people can remember the same fight differently. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 2 untrue untrue ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 stories story NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 5 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 6 advmod _ _ 6 lies lie NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VBZ:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 8 memory memory NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 fills fill VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 10 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 gaps gap NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 12 by by SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 13 guessing guess VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 9 advcl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 15 so so ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 16 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 18 nummod _ _ 17 honest honest ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 19 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 20 remember remember VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 conj _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 fight fight NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 24 differently differently ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 25 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **is a** | present | Many untrue stories | lies | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **fill** | present | memory | memory's gaps | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent gap=Patient | | 3 | **guess** | gerund | memory *not said here* | | | | | | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **remember** | can | two honest people | the same fight | | | | differently *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent fight=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Telling when someone may be lying, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/3/) - next →: [Telling when someone may be lying, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/)