---
title: A girl in Leeds kept promising to return a friend's book and never d… — Promises · tree and pragmatics
description: A girl in Leeds kept promising to return a friend's book and never did; the friend stopped lending her things. Who acts: girl, friend. A sentence of the lesson «Promises» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Promises, sentence 26

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A girl in Leeds kept promising to return a friend's book and never did; the friend stopped lending her things.

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**Who acts:** girl, friend · **What happens:** keep, promise, return, stop, lend · **To what, where:** book, things

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Promises» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (girl, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:199-promises.lesson:26
# text = A girl in Leeds kept promising to return a friend's book and never did; the friend stopped lending her things.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 199-promises.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Leeds	Leeds	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	promising	promise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj
20	lending	lend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	xcomp	_	_
21	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | a girl in Leeds |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **promise** *speech: promise* | gerund | a girl in Leeds *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **return** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a girl in Leeds *not said here* | a friend's book |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme |
| 4 | **stop** | past | the friend |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **lend** | gerund | the friend *not said here* | girl's things |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:199-promises.lesson:26`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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