---
title: An echo is sound bounced back from a surface, and echoes can make a… — Thinking about noticing · tree and pragmatics
description: An echo is sound bounced back from a surface, and echoes can make a sound seem to come from the wrong place. Who acts: echo, echoes, sound. A sentence of the lesson «Thinking about noticing» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Thinking about noticing, sentence 19

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An echo is sound bounced back from a surface, and echoes can make a sound seem to come from the wrong place.

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**Who acts:** echo, echoes, sound · **What happens:** be, bounce back, make, seem, come · **To what, where:** sound, surface, wrong place

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking about noticing» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (echo, echoes, sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:020-noticing-like-a-cat.lesson:19
# text = An echo is sound bounced back from a surface, and echoes can make a sound seem to come from the wrong place.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 020-noticing-like-a-cat.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	echo	echo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	bounced	bounce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	back	back	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	echoes	echo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	seem	seem	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	ccomp	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a echo | sound |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bounce back** | participle |  | sound *not said here* |  | a surface |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from surface=Trajectory |
| 3 | **make** | can | echoes |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **seem** | present | a sound |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 5 | **come** | to-infinitive | a sound *not said here* |  |  | the wrong place |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from place=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:020-noticing-like-a-cat.lesson:19`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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