--- title: Asking «How do you know that?» helps you test a rumour. — Rumours and gossip · tree and pragmatics description: Asking «How do you know that?» helps you test a rumour. Who acts: you. A sentence of the lesson «Rumours and gossip» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/202-rumours-and-gossip/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Rumours and gossip](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/202-rumours-and-gossip/) / 11 # Rumours and gossip, sentence 11 Asking «How do you know that?» helps you test a rumour. **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** ask, know, help, test · **To what, where:** that, you, rumour · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Rumours and gossip» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:202-rumours-and-gossip.lesson:11 # text = Asking «How do you know that?» helps you test a rumour. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 202-rumours-and-gossip.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Asking ask VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 10 nsubj _ _ 2 « « PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ _ 3 How how ADV WRB PronType=Int 6 advmod _ _ 4 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _ 5 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 6 know know VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 1 ccomp _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=1:ccomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 that that PRON DT PronType=Dem 6 obj _ _ 8 ? ? PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ 9 » » PUNCT '' _ 6 punct _ _ 10 helps help VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 11 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ _ 12 test test VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 xcomp _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 rumour rumour NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=1:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert, indirect=0 | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund | | | | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **know** *in a quote* | present · do-support | you | that | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus | | 3 | **help** | present | | you | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 4 | **test** | infinitive | you *not said here* | a rumour | | | | | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rumour=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:202-rumours-and-gossip.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rumours and gossip, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/202-rumours-and-gossip/10/) - next →: [Rumours and gossip, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/202-rumours-and-gossip/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/202-rumours-and-gossip/)