--- title: Babies cry to tell us they are hungry, tired or uncomfortable, becau… — Family changes and grief · tree and pragmatics description: Babies cry to tell us they are hungry, tired or uncomfortable, because crying is the only way a baby can talk. Who acts: Babies, thoughts, baby. A sentence of the lesson «Family changes and grief» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/214-family-changes-and-grief/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/) / [Family changes and grief](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/214-family-changes-and-grief/) / 5 # Family changes and grief, sentence 5 Babies cry to tell us they are hungry, tired or uncomfortable, because crying is the only way a baby can talk. **Who acts:** Babies, thoughts, baby · **What happens:** cry, tell, be, talk · **To what, where:** us, only way · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Family changes and grief» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Babies, thoughts, baby), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:everyday:214-family-changes-and-grief.lesson:5 # text = Babies cry to tell us they are hungry, tired or uncomfortable, because crying is the only way a baby can talk. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = everyday # lesson = 214-family-changes-and-grief.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Babies baby NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 cry cry VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 to to PART TO _ 4 mark _ _ 4 tell tell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:xcomp 5 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 obj _ _ 6 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 7 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 8 hungry hungry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 ccomp _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 tired tired ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 conj _ _ 11 or or CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 uncomfortable uncomfortable ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 conj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 because because SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 15 crying cry VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 19 nsubj _ _ 16 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 only only ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 advcl _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 baby baby NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 22 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 talk talk VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 acl:relcl _ _ 24 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | present | Babies | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | Babies *not said here* | | us | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent we=Recipient | | 3 | **is** | present | thoughts *= thought* | | | | | hungry *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **be** | | thoughts *= thought* *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **be** | | thoughts *= thought* *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **cry** *speech: express* | gerund | | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **is a** | present | | the only way | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **talk** | can | a baby | the only way *not said here* | | | | | vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent way=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:214-family-changes-and-grief.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Family changes and grief, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/214-family-changes-and-grief/4/) - next →: [Family changes and grief, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/214-family-changes-and-grief/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/everyday/214-family-changes-and-grief/)