---
title: In a field with cows, walk calmly round the edge, close gates and ke… — Hiking and camping safely · tree and pragmatics
description: In a field with cows, walk calmly round the edge, close gates and keep dogs on a lead, because cows protect their calves. Who acts: you, cows. A sentence of the lesson «Hiking and camping safely» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Hiking and camping safely, sentence 10

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a field with cows, walk calmly round the edge, close gates and keep dogs on a lead, because cows protect their calves.

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**Who acts:** you, cows · **What happens:** walk, close, keep, protect · **To what, where:** field, gates, dogs, lead, calves

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Hiking and camping safely» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, cows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:everyday:230-hiking-and-camping.lesson:10
# text = In a field with cows, walk calmly round the edge, close gates and keep dogs on a lead, because cows protect their calves.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = everyday
# lesson = 230-hiking-and-camping.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	calmly	calmly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	round	round	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	close	close	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
14	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
17	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	lead	lead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
24	protect	protect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	calves	calf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | a field with cows |  | round the edge; calmly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in field=Trajectory |
| 2 | **close** | infinitive | you *not said here* | gates |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gate=Patient |
| 3 | **keep** | infinitive | you *not said here* | dogs |  | a lead |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent dog=Theme on lead=Location |
| 4 | **protect** | present | cows |  | edges's calves |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calf=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:everyday:230-hiking-and-camping.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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